| ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2020 | Volume
: 9
| Issue : 3 | Page : 135-141 |
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Antifertility effects of Azadirachta indica methanol seed extract on canine spermatozoa in vitro
Chike Fidelis Oguejiofor1, Ifeanyi Gabriel Eke2, Kenneth Orji Anya1
1 Department of Veterinary Obstetrics and Reproductive Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
2 Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
Correspondence Address:
Ifeanyi Gabriel Eke
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001
Nigeria
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None
DOI: 10.4103/2305-0500.284271
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Objective: To investigate the effects of Azadirachta (A.) indica methanol seed extract on canine male fertility in vitro.
Methods: The effect of the A. indica methanol seed extract (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg/mL, respectively) on canine spermatozoa was evaluated in vitro at 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 min post-treatment. The two controls were comprised of sperm sample in phosphate- buffered saline, and sperm sample in phosphate-buffered saline and 1% dimethyl sulfoxide, respectively. The experiment was repeated (n=3) in duplicates with semen collected from 3 adult Basenjis. The effect of A. indica methanol seed extract treatments on canine spermatozoal total and progressive motility (phase-contrast microscopy), sperm vitality (eosin-nigrosin vital staining method) and total abnormalities (phase contrast microscopy, eosin-nigrosin staining and Papanicolaou staining methods) were determined.
Results: A. indica methanol seed extract treatment caused a concentration and time-dependent decrease in sperm percentage total motility, progressive motility and vitality. The absence of sperm revival post-treatment provided evidence of a permanent or irreversible incapacitation of sperm by A. indica methanol seed extract.
Conclusions: The inhibition of sperm motility and significant spermicidal effect observed post-treatment suggest that A. indica methanol seed extract may produce a potent antifertility or contraceptive effect in dogs if applied as an intra-vaginal cream pre- coitus.
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